The ASEAN region is one of the fastest growing regions in the world with high population growth and rapid urbanisation. Cities and municipalities lack the resources and capacity to ensure clean air and land, as well as basic supplies in the water, waste and energy sectors, although these areas are the key to a good quality urban environment and services of general interest. In 2016, the volume of waste generated in Southeast Asia reached around 150 million tons and is one of the big challenges and critical problems the region is facing. It is estimated that waste generation will increase by 150 percent in 2025 compared to 1995 levels unless it is counteracted.

In addition, the importance of tourism as a relevant economic factor is growing. Between 2000 and 2018, tourism numbers (international arrivals) tripled in the East Asia and Pacific region. This is accompanied by growing amounts of waste. Small and medium-sized cities, in contrast to the large urban centers of ASEAN countries, are facing considerable difficulties in dealing with growing waste volumes due to population growth, changing consumption patterns, and increasing tourism numbers. Municipal administrations do not have the necessary technical and management competencies to adequately manage the steadily increasing waste volumes due to population growth, changing consumption patterns, and growing tourism, as well as to involve private sector actors in waste management and resource efficient solution approaches.